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What is Organic Chemistry?
Organic
chemistry is the chemistry of carbon and its compounds. These compounds
are called organic molecules.
Organic Chemistry in our lives
Organic molecules constitute the chemical
bricks of life. Fats, sugars, proteins, and the nucleic acids are
compounds in which the principal component is carbon. So are
countless substances that we take for granted in everyday use. All
the clothes that we wear, toothbrushes, toothpaste, soaps, shampoos,
deodorants, perfumes, contain organic compounds
The origins of Organic Chemistry
Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1807 coined the
term “organic chemistry” for the study of compounds derived from natural
sources. It was believed inorganic compounds could be synthesized in the
laboratory, but organic compounds could not, at least not from inorganic
materials.
In 1828 Friedrich Wöhler,obseved
one transformation in which an inorganic salt, amonium cyanate, was
converted to urea, a known organic sustance earlier isolated from urine.
Functional grups in Organic Chemistry
This web begin with the alkanes, organic compounds composed of only
hydrogen and carbon and lacking functional groups. We discuss the
systematic rules for naming them, their structures, and their physical
properties.
We shall then study the cycloalkanes which
contain carbon atoms in a ring. Experimental evidence indicating
that six-membered rings are nonplanar. The most stable conformation of
cyclohexane is the chair conformation.
The Stereochemistry study compounds
that have the same constitution but differ in the spatial arrangement of
their atoms.
We shall then study substitution
and elimination reations. In a substitution reaction, one halogen
atom may be replaced by another group; in an elimination reaction,
adjacent atoms may be removed from a molecule to generate a double bond.
This web continues with the
chemistry of alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and
ketones, benzene, carboxilic acid, acyl halides, anhydrides, esters,
amides, nitriles, amines, carbohydrates, amino acid.
Name Organic Chemistry Reactions
This web deals with about 100 of
the most important reactions in organic chemistry; the selection is
based on their importance for modern preparative organic chemistry.
The reactions are arranged in alphabetical order.
Molecular models in Organic Chemistry
This web
deals with more than 300 molecular models
Organic Synthesis
Synthesis is a very important part of organic chemistry.
More than 10 million organic substances have been synthesized from
simpler materials, both organic and inorganic. The goal of synthesis is
to construct complex organic chemicals fromsimpler, more readily
available ones. To be able to convert one molecule into another,chemists
must know organic reactions |
