Aldehydes that have no α-hydrogen give the Cannizzaro reaction upon treatment with a strong base.  In this disproportionation reaction one molecule is reduced to the corresponding alcohol, while a second one is oxidized to the carboxylic acid.

mechanism

Upon pyrolysis of xanthates  olefins can be obtained, together with carbon oxysulfide O=C=O and a thiol RSH . This decomposition process is called the Chugaev reaction.

mechanism

Carboxylic esters that have an α-hydrogen can undergo a condensation reaction upon treatment with a strong base to yield a 3-ketoester. This reaction is called the Claisen ester condensation

mechanism

The Claisen rearrangement is a thermal rearrangement of allyl aryl ethers and allyl vinyl ethers.

mechanism

Clemmensen reduction can be converted aldehydes and ketones into the corresponding hydrocarbons . As the reducing agent zinc amalgam, together with concentrated hydrochloric acid.

mechanism

Amine oxides, which can be prepared by oxidation of amines, react upon heating to yield an olefin and a hydroxylamine. This reaction is called the Cope elimination reaction

mechanism

The thermal rearrangement of 1,5-dienes to yield the isomeric 1,5-dienes, is called the Cope rearrangement.

mechanism

Vicinal diols can be converted into olefins

mechanism

The thermal decomposition of an acyl azide to yield an isocyanate by loss of N₂, is called the Curtius reaction

mechanism

Photochemical dimerization of alkenes, is a useful method for the synthesis of cyclobutane derivatives

mechanism