Nomenclature of amides
They are named by replacing the -o ending of the alkane with -amide (ethanamide).
Hydrolysis
Amides hydrolyze to carboxylic acids in acidic or basic media and under vigorous conditions.
Reduction to amines and aldehydes
Lithium aluminum hydride transforms them into amines, and DIBAL into aldehydes.
Formation of amide enolates and amidates
In basic media, they form amidates by deprotonation of the -NH2 group, which has hydrogens with a pKa of 15. Deprotonation of the α-carbon produces amide enolates.
Hofmann degradation of amides
In the presence of a base, primary amides react with Br2, replacing the carbonyl group with an -NH2 group; this reaction is called the Hofmann rearrangement.
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